Democratic Republic of the Congo
UN Documents

Selected Security Council Resolutions

• S/RES/1991 (28 June 2011) extended the mandate of MONUSCO until 30 June 2012.  
• S/RES/1960 (16 December 2010) established a monitoring, analysis and reporting mechanism on conflict-related sexual violence in situations on the Council’s agenda.
• S/RES/1952 (29 November 2010) extended the DRC sanctions and the mandate of the group of experts to 30 November 2011.
• S/RES/1925 (28 May 2010) extended the mandate of MONUC until 30 June 2010 and decided that from 1 July 2010, MONUC shall bear the title of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) and that MONUSCO shall be deployed until 30 June 2011. S/RES/1925 also authorized the withdrawal of up to 2000 troops by 30 June 2010 and decided MONUSCO may provide logistical support for regional military operations conducted against the LRA in the DRC at the request of the DRC government.
• S/RES/1906 (23 December 2009) extended MONUC's mandate until 31 May 2010.
• S/RES/1896 (30 November 2009) extended the DRC sanctions and the mandate of the Group of Experts for another year. 
• S/RES/1857 (22 December 2008) renewed the sanctions regime and the mandate of the Group of Experts until 30 November 2009.  The resolution expands the mandate of the Committee to include a regular review of designated individuals and entities and to promulgate guidelines.  Sanctions were expanded to target individuals impeding humanitarian assistance or supporting armed groups operating in eastern DRC through illicit trade of natural resources.
• S/RES/1856 (22 December 2008) extends the deployment of MONUC until 31 December 2009.
• S/RES/1843 (20 November 2008) authorised the temporary deployment of additional troops to reinforce MONUC’s capacity.
• S/RES/1820 (19 June 2008) indicated the Council’s intention to consider the “appropriateness of targeted and graduated measures” against parties who committed acts of violence towards women and girls in situations of conflict.
• S/RES/1807 (31 March 2008) extended the sanctions regime on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) until 31 December.
• S/RES/1804 (13 March 2008) demanded that all members of Rwandan armed groups operating in eastern DRC lay down their arms, called upon the DRC and Rwanda to implement commitments under the Nairobi communiqué, and asked states to cooperate with the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
• S/RES/1799 (15 February 2008) renewed the sanctions regime and the mandate of the Group of Experts until 31 March 2008.
• S/RES/1794 (21 December 2007) renewed the mandate of MONUC until 31 December 2008.
• S/RES/1771 (10 August 2007) renewed both the DRC sanctions and the mandate of the Group of Experts until 15 February 2008.
• S/RES/1768 (31 July 2007) renewed the sanctions regimes and the mandate of the Group of Experts until 10 August 2007.
• S/RES/1756 (15 May 2007) renewed the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo until  31 December.
• S/RES/1751 (13 April 2007) renewed the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) until 15 May.
• S/RES/1742 (15 February 2007) renewed the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo until 15 April.
• S/RES/1736 (22 December 2006) re-hatted UN Operation in Burundi troops as UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• S/RES/1711 (29 September 2006) extended the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo until 15 February.
• S/RES/1698 (31 July 2006) strengthened sanctions, expressed the intention to consider measures over natural resources, and renewed the sanctions regime and the mandate of the Group of Experts until 31 July 2007.
• S/RES/1671 (25 April 2006) authorised the deployment of EU forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for the elections.
• S/RES/1669 (10 April 2006) authorised the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) redeployments.
• S/RES/1663 (24 March 2006) specified that the 1653 report should include recommendations on dealing with the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and be issued by 24 April.
• S/RES/1653 (27 January 2006) requested the civilian protection in the Great Lakes report.
• S/RES/1650 (21 December 2005) permitted troop sharing between the UN Operation in Burundi and the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• S/RES/1649 (21 December 2005) strengthened sanctions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and requested the foreign armed groups report.
• S/RES/1635 (28 October 2005) expanded the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for the elections.
• S/RES/1621 (6 September 2005) expanded the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and authorised support to the Independent Electoral Commission.
• S/RES/1616 (29 July 2005) extended sanctions until 31 July 2006 and renewed the mandate of the Group of Experts until 31 January 2006.
• S/RES/1596 (03 May 2005) expanded the arms embargo and added travel bans and assets freeze to the sanctions regime.
• S/RES/1565 (1October 2004) authorised the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to use force against peace spoilers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• S/RES/1533 (12 March 2004) established the sanctions committee and the Group of Experts.
• S/RES/1493 (28 July 2003) imposed an arms embargo.
• S/RES/1484 (30 May 2003) authorised the Interim Emergency Multinational Force deployment (IEMF).
• S/RES/1457 (24 January 2003) noted with concern the links between conflict and natural resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and renewed the mandate of the Panel of Experts on the illegal exploitation of natural resources.
• S/RES/1445 (04 December 2002) welcomed the signing of peace agreements with Democratic Republic of the Congo's neighbours and further expanded the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• S/RES/1291 (24 February 2000) added Chapter VII protective powers to the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 
• S/RES/1279 (30 November 1999) established the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC).

Selected Presidential Statements

• S/PRST/2011/11 (18 May 2011) focused on stabilisation efforts in the DRC.
• S/PRST/2010/17 (17 September 2010) urged the DRC government to prosecute the perpetrators of the mass rapes that occurred in eastern DRC in late July and August.
• S/PRST/2009/24 (5 August 2009) was on UN peacekeeping operations.
• S/PRST/2008/48 (22 December 2008) welcomed regional efforts to address the security threat posed by the LRA.
• S/PRST/2008/40 (29 October 2008) was a presidential statement condemning the rebel CNDP offensive in the eastern region of the DRC and demanding that it ends its operations.  The Council noted the request for reinforcement of the MONUC made by the UN Secretariat and indicated that it would “study expeditiously that request in view of the developments of the situation on the ground.”
• S/PRST/2008/38 (21 October 2008) was a presidential statement expressing concern about the resurgence of violence in the DRC and the humanitarian situation.
• S/PRST/2008/2 (30 January 2008) commended the government and other parties for organising the Goma conference on a ceasefire and disarmament of armed groups.
• S/PRST/2007/44 (21 November 2007) commended the DRC and Rwanda on their 9 November agreement (S/2007/679, annex) and urged full implementation.
• S/PRST/2007/28 (23 July 2007) expressed concern at the deteriorating security situation in the eastern DRC and urged a political solution to the crisis.
• S/PRST/2007/9 (3 April 2007) deplored the March violence and called on the government to respect the role conferred on political parties by the Congolese constitution.
• S/PRST/2006/57 (20 December 2006) commended the countries in the Great Lakes for the conclusion of the second summit and extended the mandate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for the Great Lakes until 31 March 2007.
• S/PRST/2006/40 (22 September 2006) expressed readiness to consider measures against those threatening the elections.
• S/PRST/2006/36 (3 August 2006) welcomed the first round of elections.
• S/PRST/2005/46 (4 October 2005)
• S/PRST/2000/20 (2 June 2000)

• S/2010/288 (30 June 2010) is the Report of the Security Council mission to the Democratic Republic of Congo (13 to 16 May 2010)
• S/2008/460 (15 July 2008)
• S/2005/716 (14 November 2005)
• S/2004/934 (30 November 2004)
• S/2003/653 (17 June 2003)
• S/2002/537 and Add.1 (14 May 2002)
• S/2001/521 and Add.1 (30 May 2001)
• S/2000/416 (11 May 2000)

Selected Secretary-General's Reports

S/2011/298 (12 May 2011)
S/2011/20 (17 January 2011)
S/2010/512 (8 October 2010) 
S/2010/164 (30 March 2010)
S/2009/623 (4 December 2009)
S/2009/472  (18 September 2009)
S/2009/335 (30 June 2009)
S/2009/160 (27 March 2009)
S/2008/728 (18 November 2008)
S/2008/693 (10 November 2008) was the Secretary-General's report on children and armed conflict in the DRC.
S/2008/433 (3 July 2008) described the overall security situation in the country as "tenuous" and highlighted the need to accelerate the process for resolving the situation in eastern DRC.
S/2008/218 (2 April 2008) warned that the redeployment of MONUC to the east would risk creating security vacuums in other parts of the country.
S/2007/671 (14 November 2007) recommended MONUC's renewal at current levels.
S/2007/156 (20 March 2007)
S/2007/68 (8 February 2007) was a report on economic sanctions.
S/2006/759 (21 September 2006) was a UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo report.
S/2006/478 (29 June 2006) was the report on the Ugandan rebel group, the Lord's Resistance Army, which has operated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
S/2006/390 (13 June 2006)
S/2006/389 (13 June 2006) was a report on children and armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
S/2006/310 (22 May 2006) was the report on foreign armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
S/2005/832 (28 December 2005)
S/2005/603 (26 September 2005) requested ceiling increases for the elections.
S/2005/320 and Add.1 (26 May 2005) was a special report on Democratic Republic of the Congo elections.

Selected Letters

• S/2011/589 (20 September 2011) was from the Secretary-General on the shortage of helicopters in MONUSCO.
• S/2010/367 (6 July 2010) was a letter from the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to the President of the Security Council informing him of his intention to appoint Lieutenant General Chander Prakash (India) as Force Commander of MONUSCO, replacing Lieutenant General Babacar Gaye (Senegal) on 31 July 2010.
• S/2010/303 (9 June 2010) - letter from the Secretary-General to the Council informing them of the appointment of Roger A. Meece (United States of America) as his Special-Representative for the DRC and Head of MONUSCO.
• S/2010/187/Add.1 (4 May 2010) was a letter containing the members of the Security Council which agreed to undertake the rescheduled mission to the DRC from 13 to 16 May 2010.  
• S/2010/93 (12 February 2010) was letter from Charge d'Affaires of Permanent Mission of Rwanda conveying additional information on the FDLR, RUD-Uranana and other individuals refered to in S/2009/603.
• S/2009/667 (31 December 2009) was the lettter from the chair of the DRC sanctions committee forwarding the annual report of the Committee from 1 January to 31 December 2009.
• S/2009/105 (19 February 2009) was the letter from the Secretary-General to the Council informing it about the recently revised concept of operations and rules of engagement for MONUC. 
• S/2009/52 (27 January 2009) was the letter from the Secretary-General informing the Council about difficulties being encountered in attempts to secure additional troops and capacities for MONUC.
• S/2008/791 (15 December 2008) was the response from Rwanda to the accusations of the Group of Experts for the DRC.
• S/2008/685 (5 November 2008) and S/2008/686 (4 November 2008) was an exchange of letters between the president of the Council to the UN Secretary-General regarding Obasanjo’s appointment as special envoy for the DRC. 
• S/2008/682 and S/2008/681 (31 October 2008) was an exchange of letters between the president of the Council and the UN Secretary-General regarding the reappointment Lieutenant General Babacar Gaye as Interim Force Commander of MONUC.
• S/2008/703 (31 October 2008) was a letter from the Secretary-General to the president of the Security Council requesting additional capacities for MONUC in order to ensure effective implementation of its mandate.
• S/2008/526 (6 August 2008) was the letter from the Secretary-General informing the president of the Council about his appointment of two people to replace the arms and aviation experts of the Group of Experts on the DRC for the remainder of the Group’s current mandate.
• S/2008/312 (9 May 2008) was the letter from the Secretary-General informing the president of the Council about his appointment of six persons to serve on the Group of Experts.
• S/2007/586 (2 October 2007) was the Secretary-General's letter informing the Council of his appointment of a team of Group of Experts.
• S/2006/219 (13 April 2006) requested authorisation for the EU mission.
• S/2006/206 (31 March 2006) requested the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) redeployments.
• S/2006/203 (30 March 2006) is the Democratic Republic of the Congo's acceptance of the EU mission.

Selected Press Releases

SC/10414 (17 October 2011) was on elections in the DRC.
SC/10410 (13 October 2011) was on the listing of Mukulu by the DRC sanctions committee.
SC/10167 (7 February 2011) was the Council press release on the situation in the DRC.
SC/10099 (1 December 2010) announced the listing of four individuals by the sanctions committee.
SC/10016 (26 August 2010) was a Security Council press statement expressing their outrage at the mass rape in eastern DRC.
SC/10010 (18 August 2010) was a Security Council press statement condemning the attacks on peacekeepers in Kirumba, which resulted in the death of three Indian soldiers. 
SC/9832 (23 December 2009) expressed concern over attacks on civilians and mentioned that MONUC will withdraw from supporting DRC units found to have breached human rights, humanitarian or refugee law.
SC/9791 (17 November 2009) was Council's statement on the LRA.
SC/9703 (10 July 2009) was the press release on the issue of impunity within the national security forces.  
SC/9633 (9 April 2009) was the Council press release on the situation in the DRC.
SC/9608 (3 March 2009) was the press release on the addition of four individuals to the assets freeze and travel ban list by the DRC Sanctions Committee.
SC/9576 (16 January 2009) was the statement of the Security Council expressing concern about LRA activities.
SG/SM/12029 (30 December 2008) was the Secretary-General’s press statement on the LRA.
• SC/9312 (28 April 2008) was the press release on the DRC sanctions committee delisting of Kisoni Kambale from its consolidated assets freeze and travel ban list.
• SC/9113 (12 September 2007) was a press statement regarding the unrest in North Kivu that urged all parties "to comply with international humanitarian law…, to facilitate access for humanitarian operators to the persons affected by the conflict…, [and] to respect the ceasefire and initiate a dialogue."
• SC/8949 (7 February 2007) was the press statement expressing concern with the violence in western Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• SC/8870 (17 November 2006) was a press statement calling on the candidates to refrain from violence.

Selected  Debates   

S/PV.6539 (18 May 2011) was the debate on stabilisation in the DRC.
S/PV.6476 (7 February 2011) was the briefing by Roger Meece.
S/PV.6475  (3 February 2011) was a closed meeting of the Council with troop contributing countries.
S/PV.6403 (15 October 2010) was the briefing by Roger Meece.
S/PV.6400 (14 October 2010) was the briefing by Margot Wallström.
S/PV.6387 (17 September 2010) was a meeting to issue presidential statement (S/2010/17) on mass rapes in eastern DRC in late July 2010
S/PV.6378 (7 September 2010) was a briefing by Atul Khare the Assistant Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations and Margot Wallstrom, Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict on mass rapes committed in eastern DRC in late July 2010.
S/PV.6317(19 May 2010) was a briefing by Permanent Representative of France, Gerard Araud on the Council Mission to the DRC (conducted 13 -16 May).
S/PV.6302 (27 April 2010) was a briefing to the Council by Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence and Armed Conflict, Margot Wallstrom.
S/PV.6297 (13 April 2010)
S/PV.6253 (23 December 2009)
S/PV.6244 (16 December 2009) was the verbatim record briefing by the Secretary-General’s Special Representative, Alan Doss
S/PV.6215 (9 November 2009) was the verbatim record briefing by the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on the Great Lakes, Olusegun Obasanjo.
S/PV. 6203 (16 October 2009) was the verbatim record briefing by the Secretary-General’s Representative, Alan Doss.
S/PV.6159 (10 July 2009) was a briefing by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in the DRC and head of MONUC, Alan Doss.
S/PV.6083(17 February 2009) was a briefing on the humanitarian situation in the DRC by Under Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs John Holmes.
S/PV.5706  (26 June 2007) was a briefing by the Heads of the Council's Mission to Africa in June.
S/PV.5482 (6 July 2006) was the record of a meeting on the report of the Council's mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
S/PV.5466 (16 June 2006) was the record of Ambassador de La Sablière's briefing.

• S/2010/596 (15 November 2010) was the final of the Group of Experts on the DRC containing guidelines on due dilligence for importers, processors and consumers of minerals from the eastern part of the DRC.
• S/2010/252 (21 May 2010) was the interim report of the Group of Experts on the DRC.
• S/2009/603 (23 November 2009)
• S/2009/253 (14 May 2009)
• S/2008/773 (10 December 2008)
• S/2008/43 (11 February 2008)
• S/2007/423 (16 July 2007) was a Group of Experts report stating that sanctions imposed on the DRC have rarely had the intended coercive effect but recommended suspension of flights by all airlines that are found to be violating regulations, enhancing controls of natural resources and strengthening border control.
• S/2007/40 (25 January 2007)
• S/2006/53 (27 January 2006) 
• S/2005/436 (26 July 2005) 
• S/2005/30 (25 January 2005) 
• S/2004/551 (15 July 2004) 
• S/2003/1027 (23 October 2003) was a Report of the Panel of Experts on Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources.

A/HRC/16/68 (9 March 2011) was the third joint report of seven UN experts on the situation in the DRC.
High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) report (August 2010) mapping the most serious human rights violations in the DRC from 1993-2003 has caused controversy between the UN and Rwanda.
S/2010/187 (14 April 2010) was the agreed terms of reference for the Council mission to the DRC.
A/HRC/13/L.23 (26 March 2010) was a resolution on the situation of human rights in the DRC and the strengthening of technical cooperation and consultative services.
A/HRC/13/63 (8 March 2010) was the second joint report of seven UN experts on the situation in the DRC.
A/HRC/13/64 (28 January 2010) was the report of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on the DRC.
• S/2009/105 (19 February 2009) was the letter from Secretary-General informing the Council of the revised concept of operations and rules of engagement for MONUC.
• S/2008/791 (15 December 2008) was the response from Rwanda to the accusations of the Group of Experts for the DRC.
• S-8/1 (1 December 2008) was the resolution adopted by the Special Session of the Human Rights Council.
• S/2008/684 (3 November 2008) was a letter from the Rwandan ambassador to the UN to the president of the Council conveying the Rwanda government’s positions on the efforts to resolve the crisis in the DRC.
• S/2008/652 (15 October 2008) was a letter from the Rwandan ambassador to the UN to the president of the Council conveying the Rwanda government’s request to the Council to condemn the collaboration between the Armed Forces of the DRC and the Ex-FAR Interahamwe/FDLR, sanction implicated FARDC commanders and suspend MONUC support to the FARDC.
• S/2008/649 (14 October 2008) was a letter from the Rwandan ambassador to the UN to the president of the Council conveying the Rwanda governments’ allegations of collaboration between the Armed Forces of the DRC and the Ex-FAR Interahamwe/FDLR.
• Monthly Assessment Report (17 June 2008) was MONUC's monthly report on human rights covering the month of April.
• S/2008/43 (11 February 2008) was the letter from the Chair of the DRC Sanctions Committee to the President of the Security Council conveying a report of the Group of Experts on the DRC.
• S/AC.51/2008/4  (14 January 2008) is the letter of the President of the Security Council to the Chairman of the DRC Sanctions Committee.
• S/2007/550  (18 September 2007) was a letter containing the government's reaction to the Council's press statement on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
• S/2007/543  (17 September 2007) was a letter from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to the Council concerning the unrest in North and South Kivu.
• S/2007/443 (18 July 2007) was the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) government's request for a review of the arms embargo on the country.
• S/2007/17 (15 January 2007) was a Democratic Republic of the Congo government letter requesting the rollover of UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo mandate.
• S/2006/892 (15 November 2006) was the Secretary-General's request for the re-hatting of UN Operation in Burundi forces as UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• S/2006/434 (22 June 2006) was a report of the mission to the the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• S/2006/274 (2 May 2006) was the Congolese letter on recent Ugandan incursions.
• S/2005/667 (25 October 2005) contains a letter from the joint commission with recommendations to the Council.
• S/2004/573 (16 July 2004) was a special report on the Ituri conflict.
• S/2002/1146 (16 October 2002)
• S/2002/341 (5 April 2002) was an assessment of armed groups operative in the DRC.
• S/2001/1072 (13 November 2001)
• S/2001/357 (12 April 2001)
• S/1999/815 (23 July 1999) contained the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement.