| 17 October 2011 |
Ambassador Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti, the Chair of the Security Council Committee on Côte d’Ivoire, submitted the midterm report of the Group of Experts monitoring the implementation of the sanctions regime on Côte d’Ivoire.
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| 28 September 2011 |
The Dialogue, Truth and Reconciliation Commission was inaugurated and is chaired by Charles Konan Banny.
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| 21 September 2011 |
Gbagbo’s Ivorian Popular Front party announced it was pulling out of the electoral commission on the grounds that it was stacked with Ouattara loyalists.
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| 16 September 2011 |
The Council adopted resolution 2008, calling on UNOCI and UNMIL to coordinate strategies and operations in the Liberia-Côte d’Ivoire border regions. |
| 13 September 2011 |
Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights Kyung-wha-Kang briefed the Human Rights Council, raising concerns about violent responses to peaceful protests.
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| 18 August 2011 |
Former President Laurent Gbagbo and his wife were charged with economic crimes by state prosecutors.
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| 10 August 2011 |
Twelve allies of Gbagbo were charged by the Office of the Prosecutor in Abidjan with crimes related to the violence following the disputed presidential election.
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| 27 July 2011 |
The Council adopted resolution 2000 , renewing the mandate of UNOCI at its current force levels until 31 July 2012.
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| 26 July 2011 |
The Secretary-General indicated his intention to appoint Albert Gerard Koenders as his special representative for Côte d’Ivoire.
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| 18 July 2011 |
The Council was briefed by the SRSG and head of UNOCI, Choi Young-jin, on the latest developments in Côte d’Ivoire and the key observations from the latest Secretary-General report.
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| 29 June 2011 |
The Security Council adopted resolution 1992 extending the redeployment of troops and helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI until 30 September.
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| 24 June 2011 |
The Secretary-General’s report estimated that as many as 3,000 people were killed during the violence, characterizing it as “serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law.”
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| 23 June 2011 |
Luis Moreno-Ocampo formally submitted a request to open an investigation into crimes committed in Côte d’Ivoire following the elections in November.
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| 17 June 2011 |
Liberian authorities discovered an extensive arms cache near the border with Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 17 June 2011 |
ICC prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo gave public notice that victims of the post-election violence have 30 days to submit testimony to the Court.
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| 16 June 2011 |
The government of Côte d’Ivoire announced the establishment of a national commission to investigate human rights violations perpetrated during the post-electoral crisis. |
| 14 June 2011 |
Liberian police announced the arrest of a Liberian mercenary, formerly in the employ of Laurent Gbagbo, operating under the nom de guerre 'Bob Marley'. |
| 9 June 2011 |
The international commission of inquiry on Côte d’Ivoire submitted its report to the Human Rights Council, noting that forces loyal to both Gbagbo and Ouattara had committed serious violations of human rights. |
| 8 June 2011 |
The human rights section of UNOCI reported an increase of attacks and violence by the Forces Republicaines de la Côte d’Ivoire, loyal to Ouattara, in the south and west of Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 1 June 2011 |
President Alassane Ouattara announced a new government that notably lacked representation from Gbagbo’s Popular Front Party (FPI).
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| June 2011 |
An electoral-needs assessment mission led by DPKO visited Côte d’Ivoire, concluding that legislative elections could be held by year’s end depending on the security situation.
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| 27 May 2011 |
Liberian refugees who had taken refuge at the offices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Abidjan during the immediate post-election violence resumed their repatriation on 27 May. |
| 21 May 2011 |
The inauguration of President Alassane Ouattara took place in Yamoussoukro, the administrative capital of Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 19 May 2011 |
Luis Moreno-Ocampo, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, announced that he intended to open an investigation into crimes committed in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 16 May 2011 |
The West African regional stock market, comprising trading companies from francophone West African countries and Guinea-Bissau (a lusophone country), resumed trading in Abidjan. |
| 13 May 2011 |
In resolution 1981, the Council extended the mandate of UNOCI until 31 July. It also extended until 30 June the temporary redeployment of military assets from UNMIL to UNOCI. |
| 6 May 2011 |
Ouattara was sworn into office as President of Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 5 May 2011 |
The Ivorian Constitutional Council declared Ouattara Côte d’Ivoire’s new president. |
| 3 May 2011 |
President Alassane Ouattara asked the ICC Prosecutor to investigate into serious crimes committed in the country since 28 November 2010.
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| 1 May 2011 |
Ouattara announced that former Ivorian Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny would head a “truth, reconciliation and dialogue” commission as part of efforts aimed at fostering national healing. |
| 1 - 14 May 2011 |
A DPKO-led interdepartmental assessment mission visited Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 28 April 2011 |
The Council extended the sanctions regime and the mandate of the group of experts monitoring it for one year. |
| 27 April 2011 |
Ibrahim Coulibaly (head of the Invisible Commandos) was killed by the Republican Forces during an offensive on his headquarters situated in the northern part of Abidjan. |
| 23 April 2011 |
General Ibrahim Coulibaly, leader of the Invisible Commandos, informed the Associated Press that he was prepared to surrender his forces’ arms but it would require some time to organise it. |
| 22 April 2011 |
Ouattara ordered all soldiers to return to their barracks, stating that law and order will be enforced by the police and gendarmes, and indicated that the Invisible Commandos should disarm or be forcibly made to comply. |
| 22 April 2011 |
Ouattara met with the head of Côte d'Ivoire’s Constitutional Court, Paul Yao N'Dre, in an apparent conciliatory gesture. (N'Dre had declared incumbent leader Gbagbo the winner of the disputed 28 November presidential elections, contrary to the UN’s certification of Ouattara as winner of the polls.) |
| 21 April 2011 |
Clashes occured between two pro-Ouatarra forces - the Republican Forces of Côte d'Ivoire and the Invisible Commandos group - in Abidjan. |
| 21 April 2011 |
The AU Peace and Security Council welcomed Ouatarra's assumption of "State power" and decided to lift its suspension of Côte d'Ivoire from the organisation. |
| 13 April 2011 |
The army chief of Gbagbo’s camp, together with the other heads of the national security agencies, pledged allegiance to Ouattara’s administration in a televised statement, |
| 13 April 2011 |
The Council issued a press statement on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire, which welcoming that Ouattara was “now in position to assume all his responsibilities as Head of State” and urged all Ivorians to abstain from any reprisals, revenge and provocation and to work together to achieve national reconciliation. |
| 13 April 2011 |
The Council was briefed on the situation in Côte d’Ivoire by Head of UNOCI Choi Young-Jin, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Valerie Amos, High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Navi Pillay and Permanent Representative of Côte d’Ivoire Youssoufou Bamba. |
| 12 April 2011 |
The UN Human Rights Council named three legal experts - Reine Alapini Gansou (Benin), Suliman Baldo (Sudan) and Vitit Muntabhorn (Thailand) - as members of its International Commission of Inquiry to investigate allegations of serious abuses and violations of human rights following the 28 November 2010 presidential elections in Côte d'Ivoire. |
| 12 April 2011 |
The UN High Commissier for Human Rights indicated that 530 people had been killed in western Côte d'Ivoire since the end of March 2011, in the towns of Duekoue, Guiglo, Blolequin and Bangolo. |
| 12 April 2011 |
Gbagbo was moved from the Golf Hotel to a location in northern Côte d'Ivoire under the protection of UN troops. |
| 11 April 2011 |
UN Under Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Affairs Le Roy briefed the Security Council on the developments in Côte d'Ivoire. |
| 11 April 2011 |
Gbagbo (together with his wife) surrendered to Ouatarra's forces at the former's residence. Gbagbo was subsequentlt detained at the Golf Hotel in Abidjan, under UN protection. |
| 10 April 2011 |
UN and French troops launched aerial attacks targetting on heavy weapons stationed at the residence of Gbagbo. |
| 9 April 2011 |
UNOCI accused pro-Gbagbo forces of attacking and firing heavy weapons at the Golf Hotel. Gbagbo's camp denied the accusation. |
| 8 April 2011 |
Ouatarra called on the European Union to lift sanctions on two key Ivorian cocoa-exporting ports of San Pedro and Abidjan to help in resuscitating the country’s economy.
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| 4 April 2011 |
France authorised its troops to participate in joint operations with UNOCI to neutralise heavy weapons in response to the UN Secretary-General's request. UN and French helicopters fired on the pro-Gbagbo forces occupied Akouedo camp in Abidjan, explaining that it was a preventive strike against heavy weapons stationed there, in line with resolution 1975. |
| 3 April 2011 |
The UN Secretary-General wrote to French president Nicolas Sarkozy requesting for the support of French troops for military operations to be conducted by UNOCI to neutralise heavy weapons used against civilians and UN personnel, in line with resolution 1975. |
| 3 April 2011 |
The International Red Cross indicated that about 800 people had been killed in apparent inter-ethnic violence in the south western town of Duekoue, which had been captured by Ouatarra's Republican Forces of Côte d'Ivoire army. |
| 3 April 2011 |
General Mangou, who had defected as army chief of the Gbagbo camp, met with Gbagbo after leaving the residence of the South African Ambassor where he had sought refuge. |
| 3 April 2011 |
UN and French peacekeepers secured the international airport in Abidjan, to facilitate possible evacuation of foreign nationals caught up in the conflict. France increased its troop levels (over the preceding days) by about 450 extra personnel "to deal with any evolution of the situation and to assure the security of foreigners." |
| 2 April 2011 |
Four UN peacekeepers were seriously injured by pro-Gbagbo forces while on a humanitarian mission in Abidjan. |
| 1 April 2011 |
The AU Chairperson, Jean Ping, urged Gbagbo to "immediately hand over power" to Ouatarra, "in order to to shorten the suffering of the Ivorians." |
| 31 March 2011 |
Ouattara appealed in a televised address for Gbagbo's soldiers to join him in order to prevent further bloodshed. The head of the military police, Edouard Kassarate, reportedly defected from Gbagbo and went to the operational headquarters of Ouatarra at the Golf Hotel. Other defections were also reported. |
| 30 March 2011 |
The army chief of the Gbagbo camp, General Phillippe Mangou, sought refuge at the residence of South Africa's Ambassador. |
| 30 March 2011 |
The Council adopted resolution 1975 imposing targeted sanctions against Gbagbo and four of his associates, including his wife. |
| 29 March 2011 |
The Gbagbo camp called for a ceasefire as the pro-Ouatarra Republican Forces of Côte d'Ivoire (former Forces nouvelles) headed towards Abidjan, after taking control of a number of towns/cities including the administrative capital Yamoussoukro and the key port of San Pedro. |
| 26 March 2011 |
Ouattara rejected the AU’s choice of Foreign Minister Jose Brito of Cape Verde as its High Representative for the implementation of the political solution recommended by the AU high level panel. Ouattara indicated that Brito’s close personal and political relationship with Gbagbo made him unsuitable for a mediatory role. |
| 25 March 2011 |
The UN Human Rights Council decided to send an independent commission of inquiry to investigate allegations of serious abuses and violations of human rights committed in Côte d’Ivoire following the 28 November 2010 elections. |
| 24 March 2011 |
ECOWAS requested the Security Council to strengthen the mandate of UNOCI, to enable the “Mission to use all necessary means to protect life and property, and to facilitate the immediate transfer of power to Ouattara”, as well as to “adopt more stringent international targeted sanctions” against Gbagbo and his associates. It recalled its decisions of 7 and 27 December 2010 |
| 21 March 2011 |
The chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Moreno-Ocampo, indicated that the court was gathering information on possible war crimes being committed in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 21 March 2011 |
The Council conveyed to the press its “indignation” over the 17 March attacks on the market in Abobo. |
| 18 March 2011 |
The Gbagbo camp appealed for an inter-Ivorian dialogue and called for an end to the violence. However, Gbagbo's minister for youth, Charles Blé Goudé (who has been on the Council’s sanctions list since 2006), subsequently called on young Ivorians to enlist in the army en masse "to free Côte d'Ivoire from bandits." |
| 17 March 2011 |
Mortars were fired on by forces loyal to Gbagbo into a market area in the Abobo district of Abidjan, resulting in the killing of more than 25 civilians with more than 40 wounded. The UN Secretary-General condemned the attack and urged the Council “to take further measures with regard to the Ivorian individuals who are instigating, orchestrating and committing the violence.” |
| 11 March 2011 |
The Council issued a press statement welcoming the AU PSC decision and anticipated the appointment of the High Representative for the implemenatation of the AU's overall political solution to the situation in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 10 March 2011 |
The AU's Peace and Security Council (PSC) endorsed the recommendations of its high-level panel for the resolution of the Ivorian crisis. The PSC confirmed that Ouattara was the sole legitimate president of the country and decided that he should lead a unity government, including pro-Gbagbo elements. The PSC also requested the Chair of the AU commission to appoint a High Representative for the implementation of the overall political solution proposed by the panel. The AU decision was rejected by Gbagbo's camp. |
| 3 March 2011 |
Pro-Gbagbo security forces shot and killed seven women during a demonstration in the Abobo district of Abidjan by hundreds of women protesting against Gbagbo’s continued stay in office. |
| 3 March 2011 |
The Council issued a press statement in which it condemned the threats, obstructions and acts of violence by Gbagbo’s forces against UN personnel and violence by all parties against civilians and urged UNOCI “to use all necessary means to carry out its mandate, in particular to protect the civilians”. |
| 10 February 2011 |
The government of Gbagbo announced on state televison that frequencies assigned to UN Radio broadcasts had been withdrawned. However it was subsequently reported in the international media that UN Radio, whose frequency had already been jammed since the crisis began, could be still heard on an unofficial FM frequency. |
| 8 February 2011 |
The Chairman of ECOWAS criticised South Africa for sending a warship to the sub-region, stating that the presence of the vessel could "only complicate the matter further". However the South African Defence ministry spokesperson said the warship was neither providing military support for Gbagbo nor Ouatarra, rather it had been international waters off the coast of West Africa for routine training and was available in case it was needed. |
| 1 February 2011 |
Gbagbo's foreign minister, indicated that while the AU Panel on the Ivorian crisis was welcome to visit the country, the Gbagbo camp will not countenance its findings unless they conformed with the Ivorian constitution. |
| 31 January 2011 |
The AU announced that the AU Panel for the Ivorian crisis was composed of the Heads of State of Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, South Africa and Tanzania, as well as the Chairperson of the AU Commission and the President of the ECOWAS Commission. |
| 29 January 2011 |
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon welcomed the decision by the AU PSC to set up a high level panel to find a political resolution to the crisis, but voiced concerns about the obstructions to and misrepresentations about the work of the UN in that country. Ban highlighted “five principles” that should guide the UN and the AU’s efforts, including that of the High-Level Panel. |
| 28 January 2011 |
The AU PSC appointed a High Level Panel for the resolution of the crisis in Côte d’Ivoire, "in conditions that preserve democracy and peace", and requested to submit its findings within a month's period. |
| 26 January 2011 |
A delegation of West African leaders met with US officials in Washington DC to discuss the Ivorian crisis. |
| 26 January 2011 |
Gbagbo ordered the seizure of all local branches of BCEAO. Ouattara condemned the move stating that “this illegitimate and illegal decision to requisition is null and void” and indicated that anyone who participated in its implementation “will be subject to sanctions and criminal prosecution. |
| 25 January 2011 |
AU chairperson Bingu wa Mutharika travelled to Ivory Coast to hold talks Ouatarra and Gbagbo, in the lead up to the the AU Summit scheduled for 30 to 31 January 2011. |
| 24 January 2011 |
Nigerian Foreign Minister Odein Ajumogobia wrote an editorial in his country's local press stating that "ECOWAS requires unequivocal international support through an appropriate UN Security Council resolution ... to legitimise the use of external force to effectively contain the increasingly volatile internal situation and ensure an enduring peace in Côte d’Ivoire and the Wrest African sub-region." |
| 24 January 2011 |
The US said it supported Ouatarra's call for a ban on Ivorian cocoa exports. |
| 23 January 2011 |
Ouatarra called for a month-long international ban on cocoa exports from Côte d’Ivoire, as a further measure to increase pressure on Gbagbo. |
| 22 January 2011 |
The heads of state of memeber states of the Central Bank of West Africa (BCEAO), forced the resignation of the head of the bank, who was seen as a key ally of Gbagbo and had ensured the latter's cash supply, despite a previous decision by the Bank to cut off access by Gbagbo to Côte d’Ivoire's funds and recognise Ouatarra as the legitimate president. The leaders subsequently requested that Ouatarra name a new governor of the bank. |
| 21 January 2011 |
Gbagbo's adminstration announced that it jhad cancelled the accreditation of Frances's ambassador to Côte d’Ivoire, following an earlier notification from Paris indicating that France had accredited Ali Coulibaly, Ouattara's choice as Côte d’Ivoire's envoy to France. |
| 21 January 2011 |
UN spokesperson Martin Nesirky said during a media briefing that “the call by the Ivorian defence and security forces loyal to Laurent Gbagbo to stop and search United Nations vehicles is a serious violation of the Status of Forces Agreement and Security Council resolution 1962 (2010) and therefore unacceptable.” |
| 19 January 2011 |
Switzerland froze all assets held in that country by Gbagbo. |
| 19 January 2011 |
The president of Botswana, Seretse Khama Ian Khama, invited Ouatarra to undertake an officail state visit visit on his country "at a mutually convenient time." |
| 19 January 2011 |
The UN Secretary-General’s Special Advisers on the prevention of genocide, Francis Deng, and the responsibility to protect, Edward Luck, expressed their concern about “the possibility of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing in Côte d’Ivoire.” |
| 19 January 2011 |
The Council authorised an increase of 2000 troops in the overall strength of UNOCI military personnel and extended the mandate of troops temporarily deployed from the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) to UNOCI. |
| 19 January 2011 |
Switzerland froze all assets held there by Gbagbo. |
| 17 to 18 Jnauary 2011 |
AU mediator and Prime Minister of Kenya, Raila Odinga, visited Abidjan and held talks with Ouatarra and Gbagbo. His mediation effort did not succeed in resolving the impasse. |
| 13 January 2011 |
Forces loyal to Gbagbo attacked and burned UN vehicles in six different incidents, in Abidjan. A doctor and the driver targeted in one of the attacks were injured. The Secretary-General subsequently condemned the attacks. |
| 11 and 12 January 2011 |
Violent clashes occurred between the rival political factions of Quattara and Gbagbo, resulting in the deaths of supporters of both camps. |
| 10 January 2011 |
The Council issued a press statement expressing support for the AU and ECOWAS efforts to find a peaceful resolution to the crisis in Côte d’Ivoire. It expressed concern about continued violence and human rights violations and condemned attacks against peacekeepers and civilians. |
| 10 January 2011 |
Ivorian Ambassador to the UN,Youssoufou Bamba, told the BBC that Ouattara would be prepared to work with Gbagbo in a unity government if the latter gave up his claim to have won the presidential election. |
| 10 January 2011 |
Former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo met with both Gbagbo and Ouattara in what he described as a "process of exploration," as part of ECOWAS' mediation efforts. |
| 7 January 2011 |
Ghana's president, John Atta Mills, indicated that his country will not contribute troops to a regional force to oust Gbagbo because Ghana's military was overstretched, engaged in many peacekeeping operations around the world. |
| 5 January 2011 |
UN Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping, Alain Le Roy, briefed the Council on the situation in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 5 January 2011 |
Gbagbo's foreign minister Alcide Djedje told the press that the blockade of Ouattara’s temporary headquarters would not be lifted until New Forces soldiers loyal to Ouattara leave the hotel.
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| 4 January 2011 |
Ouattara told the press after meeting with ECOWAS mediators that Gbagbo had to leave office since the time for negotiations was over. Gbagbo's Youth Minister Charles Blé Goudé stated in an interview with FRANCE 24 that dialogue was the only solution to the Ivorian crisis. |
| 4 January 2011 |
ECOWAS and the AU indicated that Gbagbo had "agreed to negotiate a peaceful end to the crisis without any preconditions". |
| 3 January 2011 |
ECOWAS mediators in the persons of the presidents of Benin, Cape Verde and Sierra Leone undertook a second visit to Abidjan to negotiate Gbagbo's exit from power. Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Odinga, representing the AU also joined in the negotiations. The ECOWAS mediators subsequently indicated that Gbagbo had promised to lift the blockade of the (UN and New Forces soldiers protected) temporary headquarters of Ouattara at the Golf Hotel in Abidjan. Odinga subsequently told the BBC that Gbagbo had indicated that he was “ready to negotiate without any conditions. And stepping aside is the main option that we gave him.” |
| 31 December 2010 |
British Foreign Secretary, William Hague, said the UK will support military intervention in principle (in Côte d’Ivoire), but such action would need prior endorsement by the Security Council. |
| 30 December 2010 |
Two French lawyers, former foreign minister Roland Dumas and Jacque Verges, arrived Abibjan to support Gbagbo. Dumas told the press that they were “going to draw up a report and … going to defend the current authorities”. Verges stated that Gbagbo had become a symbol of a new “Africa, one that does not bow its head … that’s what French leaders cannot tolerate”. |
| 29-30 January 2010 |
ECOWAS military chiefs (from Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Togo, Niger and Nigeria) met in Abuja, Nigeria, to set in motion plans to forcefully remove Gbagbo if political persuasion failed. |
| 29 December 2010 |
New Ivorian Ambassador to the UN,Youssoufou Bamba, cautioned that his country was on the verge of genocide. |
| 29 December 2010 |
UN Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping, Alain Le Roy, expressed reservations on Ivorian state television about attempts being made through that media to incite the local population to turn against UNOCI. |
| 28 December 2010 |
Three West African Presidents (Benin's Boni Yayi, Cape Verde's Pedro Pires and Sierra Leone's Ernest Bai Koroma) arrived in Abidjan to convey ECOWAS's demand that Gbagbo cede power or face military intervention. They left with no clear result. |
| 27 December 2010 |
The African Union (AU) appointed Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Odinga as its special envoy to pursue a peaceful outcome to the situation in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 27 December 2010 |
UN Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping, Alain Le Roy, arrived in Abidjan and confered with Ouattara and UNOCI head Choi Young-jin. |
| 24 December 2010 |
ECOWAS, following an emergency meeting in Abuja, Nigeria, announced that Gbagbo should stand down or face "legitimate force." ECOWAS indicated that it would convene a meeting of its defence ministers to discuss possible military intervention in Côte d’Ivoire if Gbagbo remained recalcitrant. |
| 23 December 2010 |
The UN General Assembly accepted, by consensus, Ouattara's choice of diplomats to the UN as the only official representatives of Côte d’Ivoire to the organisation. |
| 23 December 2010 |
The UN Human Rights Council, during a special session, condemned rights violations, and urged all parties, particularly defence and security forces, to refrain from violence and to respect all human rights and fundamental freedoms. |
| 23 December 2010 |
The Central Bank of West African States (French: Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest or BCEAO), which serves eight West African countries including Côte d’Ivoire, denied Gbagbo access to Côte d’Ivoire's funds and recognised Ouattara as president. Gbagbo declared that the decision taken by BCEAO was illegal. |
| 20 December 2010 |
The Council issued a press statement expressing concern about continued reports of acts of violence in Côte d’Ivoire. It condemned the acts of violence against UNOCI and warned all stakeholders for attacks against civilians and peacekeepers will be brought to justice in accordance with international law and international humanitarian law. |
| 20 December 2010 |
The Council renewed the mandate of UNOCI until 30 June 2011. It authorised the Secretary-General extend until 31 March 2011 the temporary deployment of up to 500 additional personnel, as well as the temporary redeployment of up to four weeks of troops from the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) to UNOCI. |
| 18 December 2010 |
UN Secretary-General Bam Ki-moon rejected the demand by Gbagbo that UN peacekeepers leave Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 18 December 2010 |
Gbagbo demanded that all foreign peacekeepers leave Côte d’Ivoire immediately, accusing UN and French peacekeepers of colluding with former rebels. |
| 16 December 2010 |
The Council issued a press statement expressing concern about violence, especially against civilians, in Côte d’Ivoire. It urged all Ivorian stakeholders to exercise restraint and reiterated its support for the role of UNOCI. |
| 16 December 2010 |
International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo cautioned that the Court would pursue the perpetrators of any deadly violence in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 16 December 2010 |
Supporters of Ouattara unsuccessfully attempted to gain control of key state institutions, resulting in the deaths of about 30 people. |
| 15 December 2010 |
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon reiterated his call on Ivorian stakeholders to refrain from any actions that could provoke violence, stressing that in the charged political environment such actions could have unpredictable consequences, including reigniting civil war. Ban reminded those who incited or perpetrated violence that they would be held accountable for their actions.
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| 9 December 2010 |
The AU Peace and Security Council (AUPSC) suspended Côte d’Ivoire from all of the organistion's activities and endorsed the ECOWAS decision of 7 December 2010 on the country (i.e. to recognise the Ivorian electoral commission's announced results, certified by UNOCI head Choi, declaring Ouattara as the winner of the 28 November 2010 presidential run-off election.) |
| 8 December 2010 |
The Council issued a press statement reiterating its support for the role of SRSG Choi and UNOCI. It called on all Ivorian stakeholders to respect the outcome of the election "in view of ECOWAS' recognition of Alassane Dramane Ouattara as president-elect of Côte d’Ivoire and representative of the freely expressed voice of the Ivorian people as proclaimed by the Independent Electoral Commission." |
| 7 December 2010 |
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) recognised Ouattara as the legitimate winner of the polls, suspended Côte d’Ivoire from the organisation and asked Gbagbo to step down. |
| 7 December 2010 |
The head of UNOCI Choi Young-jin briefed the Council on the political and security situation in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 6 December 2010 |
UNHCR indicated that it had registered about 22,000 Ivorian refugees who had entered Liberia in the wake of the conflict. |
| 5 December 2010 |
Former South African President, Thabo Mbeki, arrived in Côte d’Ivoire on an African Union (AU) mediation mission. |
| 4 December 2010 |
Gbagbo was sworn in for another term in office at the presidential palace. However Ouattara was also subsequently sworn in as president at a hotel in Abidjan. Ouattara appointed Guillaume Soro, who had a few hours earlier resigned as prime minister in Gbagbo's government, as prime minister. |
| 3 December 2010 |
The head of UNOCI Choi Young-jin certified the results of the second round of elections announced by the electoral commission, which recognised Alassane Ouattara as the winner, to be valid. |
| 3 December 2010 |
The Constitutional Court declared incumbent president Laurent Gbagbo as winner of the presidential run-off election. |
| 2 December 2010 |
The Independent Electoral Commission announced that Alassane Ouattara had won the presidential run-off with 54% of the vote. The Constititutional Court contested the announcement, in view of some disagreements over the results. |
| 2 December 2010 |
The head of UNOCI Choi Young-jin briefed the Council on the electoral process in the country. The Council subsequently issued a press statement welcoming the holding of the election and taking note of the assessment of the Special Representative. |
| 28 November 2010 |
Run-off presidential elections were held in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 24 November 2010 |
The Council authorised the temporary redeployment of a maximum of three infantry companies and an aviation unit comprised of two military utility helicopters from UNMIL to UNOCI, to assist with security arrangements. |
| 23 November 2010 |
The Secretary-General submitted a report updating the Council on the political and security situation in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 22 November 2010 |
The Secretary-General requested for advance approval of the redeployment of troops and aviation assets from the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) to UNOCI as a contingency security measure. |
| 12 November 2010 |
UNOCI head Choi Young-jin recognised the results of the first round of elections as valid. |
| 10 November.2010 |
The Constitutional Council proclaimed of the final results of the first round of presidential elections. |
| 3-4 November 2010 |
The Ivorian Independent Electoral Commission announced of the provisional results of the first round of presidential elections. (Incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo led the first round with 38% of the vote and veteran opposition figure and former prime minister Alassane Ouattara came in second with 32% of the vote.) |
| 3 November 2010 |
The Council subsequently issued a statement conveying its concerns about the situation in Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 3 November 2010 |
The head of UNOCI, Choi Young-jin, briefed the Council via video teleconference on the electoral and security situations following the first round of elections on 31 October. |
| 28 October 2010 |
The head of UNOCI, Choi Young-jin, announced that an additional 500 peacekeepers had arrived to assist in addressing security concerns ahead of the 31 October presidential elections. |
| 18 October 2010 |
The Secretary-General’s mid-term report on the UN Mission in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) was issued. |
| 15 October 2010 |
The Council adopted a resolution renewing the sanctions regime and the mandate of the Group of Experts monitoring the effectiveness of the sanctions regime until 30 April 2011 |
| 29 September 2010 |
The Council adopted a resolution formally authorising the deployment of 500 additional troops to UNOCI to help with security during the election period. |
| 28 September 2010 |
The Council isued a press statement indicating that any attempt to undo the achievements of the Ivorian electoral process would be inconsistent with the commitments taken by the parties. It further stressed the need for the parties to ensure calm prior to, during and after the vote. |
| 24 September 2010 |
The head of UNOCI, Choi Young-jin oncertified the Ivorian voers' list to be valid. |
| 21 September 2010 |
The Permanent Consultative Framework (Cadre permanent de concertation, or CPC) of the Ouagadougou Agreement endorsed the final voter list. |
| 17 September 2010 |
The Council, through an exchange of letters with the Secretary-General, took note of the Secretary-General’s recommendation (S/2010/245) on raising the level of authorised UNOCI military and police personnel to assist in addressing security concerns relating to the holding of the Ivorian elections. |
| 9 September 2010 |
President Gbagbo issued a decree validating the voters' list. |
| 6 September 2010 |
Prime Minister Guillaume Soro announced that all the presidential aspirants had reached agreement on the final voter list and the holding of presidential elections as planned. |
| 5 August 2010 |
The Ivorian government confirmed 31 October as the date for holding presidential elections. . |
| 4 August 2010 |
The Ivorian elecoral Commission proposed 31 October as the date for holding presidential elections. |
| 15 July 2010 |
Côte d’Ivoire’s Independent Electoral Commission published a provisional voter list, replacing all previous versions. |
| 30 June 2010 |
The Council extended and modified the mandate of the UN Mission in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) until 31 December. |
| 27 May 2010 |
The Council authorised a one month technical rollover of the UN Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) mandate. |
| 17 May 2010 |
Gbagbo met Alassane Ouattara, the leader of opposition party, the Rally of the Republicans (RDR). |
| 17 May 2010 |
The independent electoral commission began vetting the disputed voter registration list. The eligibility of some 1.03 million voters (out of some 6.4 million names on the provisional voter list) is being disputed by the president’s party on grounds of nationality. |
| 10 May 2010 |
Gbagbo met Henri Konan Bédié, president of opposition political party, the Democratic Party of Côte d’Ivoire (PDCI). The two reportedly discussed the organisation of the presidential elections and reunification. |
| 4 May 2010 |
The Director of the Africa II Division in the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Raisedon Zenenga, briefed Council experts in a closed session on the outcomes of the 12-22 April technical assessment mission to Côte d’Ivoire. |
| 17 March 2010 |
The Council issued a press statement expressing concern about the continued delays in the electoral process and emphasising the need for elections to be held as soon as possible. |
| 17 March 2010 |
The head of the UN Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) briefed the Council on developments in the country. |
| 26 February 2010 |
Agreement on reinstating the Independent Electoral Commission was reached. |
| 23 February 2010 |
A letter conveying a press release issued after the working visit (to help resolve the then ongoing political crisis) conducted on 22 February 2010 by the facilitator of the inter-Ivorian direct dialogue , President Blaise Campaore of Burkina Faso, was submitted to the Council . |
| 23 February 2010 |
Prime Minister Guillaume Soro (and leader of the former rebel Forces nouvelles) announced a new government of 27 members, including opposition members. |
| 19 February 2010 |
Security forces in the southwestern town of Gagnoa opened fire on demonstrations stemming from public anger over Ggagbo's decision to dissolve the government. Five were killed. |
| 12 February 2010 |
President Laurent Gbagbo dissolved both the government and the Independent Electoral Commission, accusing the head of the Commission, Robert Mambé, of adding names to the electoral register to boost the opposition vote. |
| 18 December 2009 |
UNOCI announced that it was taking action to investigate allegations of sexual abuse and exploitation among its military personnel, |
| 8 December 2009 |
The Council adopted a presidential statement in response to the Ivorian Permanent Consultative Framework' decision to delay the election till the end of February or the beginning of March 2010. |
| 3 December 2009 |
The Permanent Consultative Framework (Cadre permanent de concertation, or CPC) of the Ouagadougou Agreement, decided to postpone the first round of presidential elections until the end of February or the beginning of March 2010 . |
| 23 November 2009 |
The head of UNOCI, Choi Young-jin, indicated that UNOCI had analysed the list and had not detected any political manipulation. |
| 23 November 2009 |
The Ivorian Independent Electoral Commission published the provisional list of voters. |
| 29 October 2009 |
The Council renewed for another year the arms embargo and diamond trade ban in Côte d’Ivoire, as well as targeted sanctions restricting the travel of individuals. |
|
13 October 2009
|
The Council was briefed by the Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Côte d’Ivoire.
|
| 29 September 2009 |
The Council adopted a presidential statement expressing concern about the delay in the publication of the provisional voters list.
|
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14 September 2009
|
Ivorian officials indicated that the country would miss the 15 September deadline to publish the provisional voter lists by another two weeks.
|
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11 September 2009
|
The Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Côte d’Ivoire, Choi Young-jin, in a Reuters interview implied that the November 29 poll might be delayed.
|
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4 September 2009
|
The Secretary-General wrote to the Council advising on preparations of the provisional electoral list for the Ivorian presidential election.
|
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30 July 2009
|
The Council adopted resolution 1880 extending the mandate of UNOCI until 31 January 2010. The Council requested the Secretary-General to provide a midterm report by the end of September about the situation on the ground.
|
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23 July 2009
|
The Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Côte d’Ivoire, Choi Young-jin, briefed the Council on the then latest report of the Secretary-General.
|
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10 to 14 June 2009
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Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Alain Le Roy visited Côte d’Ivoire.
|
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15 January 2009
|
The fourth supplementary agreement began with the return of the financial and judicial administration to the central, northern and western zones of the country, with the support of the Ivorian police and gendarmerie.
|
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22 December 2008
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The fourth supplementary agreement on the Ouagadougou Agreement was signed, calling for completion of disarmament two months before the presidential elections and restoration of state authority in the north by February 2009.
|
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10 November 2008
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The permanent consultation mechanism established under the Ouagadougou peace agreement (CPC) announced that the presidential elections scheduled for November would be postponed and agreed that the Ivorian Independent Electoral Commission should establish a new election timetable by 31 December.
|
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9 to 10 June 2008
|
A Council mission visited Côte d’Ivoire where it met key parties and partners on the ground.
|
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14 May 2008
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192 FN ex-combatants completed a disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programme, including a course in cooperative management, at Ferkessédougou.
|
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3 May 2008
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1,000 Forces Nouvelles rebels gathered at a demobilisation centre in the northern city of Bouaké to commence active disarmament.
|
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April 2008
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The Ivorian government approves the Independent Electoral Commission plan to hold presidential elections on 30 November 2008.
|
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22 to 24 April 2008
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The Secretary-General visited Côte d’Ivoire.
|
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25 March 2008
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Election certification criteria proposed by the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General to Côte d'Ivoire were welcomed by the Ivorian parties and promulgated.
|
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17 March 2008
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UNOCI transferred control of three disarmament facilities, which had been under the de facto control of the rebel Forces Nouvelles, in the country's northern region to the Ivorian government as part of the DDR effort.
|
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3 to 12 March 2008
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A technical assessment mission visited Côte d’Ivoire to assess progress in preparing for elections and options for the mission in supporting the Ouagadougou Agreement.
|
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28 February 2008
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UNOCI's electoral assistance division announced that UNOCI had repaired almost 90 percent of polling stations across Côte d'Ivoire ahead of the national presidential elections.
|
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Mid-February 2008
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Cote d'Ivoire was taken off the Secretary-General's global list of child recruiters because militias and other armed groups were said to have stopped recruiting children in their ranks.
|
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23 January 2008
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The Secretary-General’s Special Representative (SRSG) to Côte d’Ivoire, Choi Young-Jin, and President Blaise Compaoré of Burkina Faso, facilitator of the Ivorian peace process, met in Ouagadougou to discuss ways of accelerating the peace process.
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22 December 2007
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The disarmament process was resumed.
|
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28 November 2007
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Two supplementary agreements to the Ouagadougou Agreement were signed between President Laurent Gbagbo and Prime Minister Guillaume Soro which called for the disarmament process to begin by 22 December and for national elections to be held by the end of June 2008.
|
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21 November 2007
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Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General to Côte d'Ivoire, Choi Young-Jin assumed his duties.
|
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18 October 2007
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The Secretary-General appointed Choi Young-jin of Korea as his Special Representative for Cote d'Ivoire.
|
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17 October 2007
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The Group of Experts on Côte d'Ivoire reported resistance to embargo inspections as well as discrepancies between declared and actual armaments of the government and the Forces Nouvelles.
|
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26 September 2007
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In his speech to the General Assembly, President Gbagbo called for a partial lifting of the weapons embargo and the current Council sanctions on three Ivorian individuals. He also called for a downward revision of the country's UN security ratings from phase III since it "no longer reflected the reality" of the prevailing situation.
|
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(week of) 24 September 2007
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Public identity hearings commenced.
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16 September 2007
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The last international checkpoint in the "zone of confidence" separating belligerents from the northern and southern parts of the country was dismantled and replaced by a "green line" to be monitored by UNOCI.
|
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early-September 2007
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A UN team travelled to Côte d'Ivoire to follow up on the international investigation into the attack on Prime Minister Soro.
|
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30 July 2007
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A "flame of peace" was lit in the town of Bouaké, a strong-hold of former Forces Nouvelles rebel group. President Laurent Gbagbo and the Forces Nouvelles leader, Prime Minister Guillaume Soro, officially launched the process by setting fire to stockpiled weapons.
|
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Mid-July 2007
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The UN suspended a Moroccan peacekeeping contingent on allegations of sexual exploitation in the area of operations and initiated an internal investigation.
|
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16 July 2007
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Resolution 1765 renewed UNOCI's mandate until 15 January 2008 to support elections and the full implementation of the Ouagadougou agreement. It also terminated the mandate of the High Representative for Elections, Gérard Stoudmann.
|
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5 July 2007
|
The Officer-in-Charge of UNOCI, Abou Moussa, met with the facilitator of the Ouagadougou Political Agreement, President Blaise Campoaré of Burkina Faso, in Ouagadougou to assist in ensuring full implementation of the peace process in the wake of the attack on Soro.
|
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29 June 2007
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Tthe Council adopted a rollover resolution extending the mandate of UNOCI until 16 July to provide time to come up with measures that would adequately address the new situation on the ground and incorporate the Council's thinking following the trip to the country.
|
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29 June 2007
|
Prime Minister Guillaume Soro's aircraft came under attack as it came in to land in the northern Ivorian city of Bouaké, the headquarters of his former rebel group. Four people were killed and a number injured from the attack but Prime Minister Soro emerged unhurt.
|
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19 June 2007
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A Council meeting with President Laurent Gbagbo calmed concerns that the UN would be blocked from supervising elections.
|
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18-19 June 2007
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A Council mission visited Cote d'Ivoire to assess the progress of the peace process in the country and exchange views with the Ivorian parties on the peace process.
|
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17 May 2007
|
Government militias started to disarm.
|
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16 April 2007
|
Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) reported almost daily attacks against civilians in the former "zone of confidence" and serious concern that civilians are now left defenceless by the redeployment of the impartial forces.
|
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13 April 2007
|
The International Working Group (IWG) met in Abidjan and expressed readiness to support the Ouagadougou agreement. It also called for consultations on its future status with the ECOWAS and the AU with a view to making recommendations to the Security Council.
|
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10 to 20 April 2007
|
A UN technical assessment mission visited Côte d'Ivoire to determine expectations of the UN role in implementing the Ouagadougou agreement, how the UN could respond to those expectations, and develop recommendations for a possible new concept of operations and future drawdown of UNOCI.
|
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11 April 2007
|
The Defence and Security Forces of Côte d'Ivoire (FDS-CI), the Armed Forces of the Forces nouvelles (FAFN), UNOCI and the French Licorne forces signed a quadripartite agreement to eliminate the buffer zone known as the zone of confidence as of 16 April.
|
|
Early April 2007
|
New Ivorian Prime Minister Guillaume Soro formed a government comprising thirty-one ministers, including eleven ministers from President Laurent Gbagbo's Ivorian Popular Front (FPI), seven from the rebel Forces nouvelles and five from each of the two leading opposition parties.
|
| 28 March 2007 |
In a presidential statement the Council endorsed the Ouagadougou agreement and the additional agreement signed 26 March. |
|
26 March 2007
|
President Gbagbo and Guillaume Soro signed an additional agreement through which they decided to designate Soro as the new interim prime minister. The AU endorsed this agreement on 29 March.
|
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4 March 2007
|
President Gbagbo and Soro signed the Ouagadougou peace agreement under the aegis of Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaoré, which sets a new timetable for organising elections in Côte d'Ivoire and reuniting the country.
|
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5 February 2007
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Preliminary talks for the direct dialogue between President Gbagbo and Soro started in Ouagadougou.
|
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January 2007
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President Gbagbo's proposal for direct talks was welcomed by ECOWAS and the AU as long as the talks remained within the framework of resolution 1721.
|
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19 December 2006
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President Gbagbo announced his own plan to end the political crisis based on direct negotiations with the rebels and the elimination of the zone of confidence.
|
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1 November 2006
|
The Council endorsed the decision by the AU to extend by one final year the mandates of the Ivorian president and of the prime minister, in resolution 1721, which also reinforced the prime minister's powers and the role of the international community in the peace process.
|
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31 October 2006
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Presidential elections were called off.
|
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17 October 2006
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The African Union Peace and Security Council extended President Gbagbo's mandate by one year, during which time the roadmap should be fully implemented, and replaced President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa with the African Union Chairman as mediator.
|
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20 September 2006
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A mini-summit took place in New York between the Secretary-General, regional leaders and Ivorian opposition leaders in order to evaluate ways to implement the roadmap. President Gbagbo boycotted the summit.
|
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23 August 2006
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The Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Côte d'Ivoire, Pierre Schori, said that it was no longer possible in practice to hold an election on 31 October.
|
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4 August 2006
|
Because too few weapons were being surrendered, the disarmament process for pro-government militia groups in the west was suspended.
|
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12 July 2006
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The presidential party (FPI, Front populaire ivoirien) called for a boycott of the voter identification hearings which sparked bloody demonstrations by the Young Patriots (a militia close to President Gbagbo) who blockaded various cities to prevent the UN from proceeding with the identification process.
|
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5 July 2006
|
The UN Secretary-General organised a meeting in Yamoussoukro with all Ivorian parties and regional leaders to press ahead with the implementation of the roadmap to the elections.
|
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23 May 2006
|
The pre-cantonment of the government forces and rebel forces (Forces nouvelles) started.
|
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Early April 2006
|
Disarmament talks among rebels and army chiefs started, under the mediation of the African Union Chairman, Congolese President Denis Sassou Nguesso. It was decided that both disarmament and identification be conducted in parallel.
|
|
7 March 2006
|
The Independent Electoral Commission became operational after a prolonged conflict over its composition.
|
|
28 February 2006
|
Talks were held in Côte d'Ivoire between President Gbagbo, Guillaume Soro and the two main opposition leaders, Henri Konan Bédié (Parti démocratique de Côte d'Ivoire) and Alassane Ouattara (Rassemblement des républicains), under the aegis of Prime Minister Banny. While the parties did not reach a formal agreement or a timeline for the disarmament process, their final communiqué stated that Council resolution 1633 did not contradict the Ivorian constitution. The parties agreed to meet frequently.
|
| 7 February 2006 |
The Côte d'Ivoire Sanctions Committee approved a list of three Ivorians subject to a consolidated travel ban and asset freeze: Charles Blé Goudé, Eugène N'goran Kouadio Djué, and Martin Kouakou Fofie. |
|
January 2006
|
A wave of violent protest against the UN was led by the Young Patriots. In response to the violence, the Council implemented individual sanctions against two followers of President Gbagbo and one commander of the Forces nouvelles.
|
|
4 December 2005
|
Charles Konan Banny, the governor of the Central Bank of West Africa States, was appointed interim prime minister by the mediators.
|
| 29 November - 3 December 2005 |
The Secretary-General's Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Juan Méndez, visited Côte d'Ivoire. After numerous interviews, he declared that the ethnic orientation of the conflict could lead to "massive and serious violations of human rights". |
|
8 November 2005
|
The first meeting of the newly established International Working Group was held.
|
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31 October 2005
|
Presidential elections were cancelled.
|
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21 October 2005
|
The Council, in resolution 1633, endorsed the previous African Union decision, extended President Gbagbo's term by one year, decided that a new prime minister acceptable to all parties and with executive powers should be designated, established a roadmap for disarmament, identification and organisation of elections supervised by an International Working Group responsible for the evaluation and monitoring of the peace process, and strengthened the threat of individual sanctions for spoilers.
|
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6 October 2005
|
The African Union decided to extend Gbagbo's term for twelve months beyond its constitutionally mandated end on 30 October.
|
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1 August 2005
|
Forces nouvelles announced that they were not ready to move to the next stage in the disarmament process.
|
|
29 June 2005
|
The Declaration on the Implementation of the Pretoria Agreement on the peace-process in Côte d'Ivoire was signed in Pretoria under the auspices of the African Union.
|
| 3 June 2005 |
The Council adopted resolution 1603 endorsing the Pretoria Agreements and establishing a High Representative for the Elections in Côte d'Ivoire. |
|
11 April 2005
|
Pretoria Peace Agreement was signed by all Ivorian parties. The Agreement reinforced the terms of the previous two agreements and stipulated that elections would be held in October 2005.
|
|
15 November 2004
|
The Council adopted resolution 1572, which imposed an arms embargo as well as sanctions restricting travel and freezing assets of all persons designated by the Sanctions Committee who posed a threat to the peace process or who violate human rights.
|
|
9 November 2004
|
African Union mediation initiative led by President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa began.
|
|
6 November 2004
|
The national armed forces of Côte d'Ivoire attacked the French Licorne forces. The Council condemned the attacks and confirmed that French forces and the UN Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) were authorised to use all necessary means to fully carry out their mandate.
|
|
30 July 2004
|
The Accra III Agreement, which consolidated the implementation of the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement, was signed.
|
| 25 May 2004 |
The Council adopted a presidential statement asking the Secretary-General to establish an international commission of inquiry to investigate all human rights violations committed in Côte d'Ivoire since 19 September 2002 and determine responsibility. |
|
27 February 2004
|
The Council adopted resolution 1528 establishing UN Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI). The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) forces and MINUCI authority were transferred to the new mission.
|
|
13 May 2003
|
The Council adopted resolution 1479 establishing the UN Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI) with a mandate to facilitate the implementation of the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement and of the ceasefire.
|
|
March 2003
|
A government of national reconciliation was formed with members from the rebel ranks and a consensus prime minister, Seydou Diarra.
|
|
24 January 2003
|
The Linas-Marcoussis Agreement was signed between the Ivorian government and all political forces, under French initiative.
|
|
19 September 2002
|
A mutiny in Abidjan by army officers protesting their demobilisation grew into full-scale rebellion. The rebels seized control of the north.
|
|
March 2001
|
Alassane Ouattara's party won local elections, which led to a call for fresh presidential and legislative elections.
|
|
October 2000
|
Presidential elections were held. Ouattara was banned from running on the basis that he was of foreign descent. Robert Gueï proclaimed himself president after announcing that he had won the elections but was forced to flee in the wake of a popular uprising. Laurent Gbagbo, believed to be the real winner, was declared president. Fighting erupted between Gbagbo's mainly southern Christian supporters and Ouattara's mainly northern Muslim followers.
|
|
December 1999
|
President Bédié was overthrown in a military coup led by General Robert Gueï.
|
|
1995
|
The concept of "Ivority" was used for the first time by President Bédié. Although it originally referred to the common cultural identity of all those living in Côte d'Ivoire - especially foreigners who represent one third of the population-he changed it to mean population of Ivorian descent. For political purposes, before the 2000 presidential elections, a law drafted by the government required both parents of a presidential candidate to be born within Côte d'Ivoire. This led to the disqualification of the candidate Alassane Ouattara, representing the predominantly Muslim north, where immigrant workers from Mali and Burkina Faso often reside.
|
|
1993
|
Henri Konan Bédié became president.
|
|
1960
|
France granted independence to Côte d'Ivoire under President Felix Houphouët-Boigny, who held power until he died in 1993.
|
